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Dr. J.B. Lal, a former member of Indian Forest Service, is an associate of Indian Forest College, and a Ph.D. from the University of Manchester, U.K. In addition, he also holds diploma in "Manpower Management & Planning from the Manchester University, U.K. He has held top forestry positions in the Government of India. He was Director Forest Survey of India, Director General, Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education and Director, Indian Institute of Forest Management. He has served as a member of National Environmental Council of India, consultant of FAO, SIDA and TCS. Visiting Professor at NFU, China P.R. and Honorary Advisor, Kayu Mas, Indonesia. He is presently Secretary General to Development and Conservation Society (DCRS), an organization engaged in integrating ecology, economics and technology at local evel. He has written four books: this book is his fifth and several technical papers. His major research interest are "integration of ecology with economics in forest management" in general, "use of TEV & EIA as decision-making criteria in forestry" in particular and use of "participative knowledge+ scientific knowledge in forest and other natural resource management