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Synopsis The present work is an attempt to trace the origin and development of different administrative institutions prior to the coming of the Mughals. It seeks to examine the aims and the policies of the Sultans. The basic weakness in the organization of the Government has been examined in manner the various branches functioned. Under the head Fiscal System the organization of the revenue department as well as the position of the intermediaries and the cultivators have been examined so as to being out the economic position of these respective groups. For the purpose of study the work has been divided under seven major heads, and seeks to meet the requirements of the post-graduate students as well as those interested in the political institutions of northern India prior to the establishment of Mughal rule. The two appendices on the Trade and Commerce and The Attitude of the State towards the non-Muslim would be of special interest.