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The book has been divided into five chapters. The book starts with introduction, dealing with the distribution and economic importance of the various Indian families of the order Sapindales with particular reference to Indian species. The systematic positions of the families are reviewed and the objective of the present study has been discussed. The details of the anatomical work done so far have been covered under the review of literature and material studies and techniques adopted. In chapters 1, 2 and 3 wood anatomical descriptions of various genera and species are given family wise viz. Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Sabiaceae, Staphyleaceae, Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae. Information on distribution, tree form has also been given. In addition a comprehensive synoptic key (based on microstructure) to the species of each family is provided for the firs time. In chapter 4 ecological trends in the family have also been discussed based on wood structure. The wood anatomical variation is explored in relation with phenology and macroclimate (tropical versus non-tropical). In chapter 5 systematic positions of families in relation to related families, delimitation of different tribes and genera and nomenclatures changes has been discussed in the light of wood structure. Under conclusion the order has been divided into two main groups based on the wood anatomy. The families studied can be divided into two groups, group one with family Anacardiaceae, Sapindaceae, Aceraceae, Hippocastanaceae and group two with family Sabiaceae and Staphyleaceae.