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Environmental Biotechnology refers to the use of micro-organisms and other living systems to solve current environmental problems such as the detoxification of pollutants and clean-up of oil tanker spills. It helps to assess the well-being of ecosystems, transform pollutants into benign substances, generate biodegradable materials from renewable sources, and develop environmentally safe manufacturing and disposal processes. It also provides new approaches for understanding, managing, preserving, and restoring the environment. This volume will serve as an authentic reference work with a comprehensive description of the state-of-the –art, as well as a guide to the original literature. The chapters have been selected according to the present need, and each topic provides a comprehensive and effective understanding to satisfy wider audience from stud4ents to professionals. It is specifically directed to environmentalists, microbiologists, aqua-culturists, bioengineers and food and pharmaceutical chemists working in the industries, at universities, or at research institutions.