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Synopsis Primary education aims to transmit aspects of human experience to the as yet uninitiated, and so involves an introduction to modes of behaviour which certainly include modes of thinking and feeling relevant to our common life. Although many impressive achievements have been made in Primary education since independence but a closer analysis reveals that situation is still gloomy and very far from satisfactory. More than half of our population is still illiterate. Adult education is far from its targets. The goal of a universal primary education has not been obtained. Education for girls has been lagging behind that of boys. Wastage of resources due to dropout and stagnation still continues especially in females, SC/ST and socially disadvantaged sections of our society, especially in rural areas. The absence of adequate information base and proper infrastructure have a series of adverse effects on overall educational planning.