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Synopsis This book attempts to examine the meaning and concepts of the energy use and productivity in agriculture, and take stocks of various approaches to the assessment of these two interrelated aspect in agriculture. It is divided into five chapters. The first and second chapters are deal with the theoretical aspects relating to the meaning and concepts involved and methodological procedures that have been taken into account while conducting this type of study. Chapter third discusses the meaning and concept of productivity and approaches, and methods towards its measurement in agriculture. Chapter fourth presents a comparative assessment of the levels of the use of energy and crop productivity by citing suitable examples from developed and developing countries. A methodological procedure for establishing a relationship between the use of energy and crop productivity is given in chapter fifth. Some results of a detailed investigation for the analysis of energy input-output in crop production during pre-harvest and post-harvest periods are given. For the sake of providing certain explanations in the use of energy and levels of crop production, some results obtained are given from some selected farms in the villages of Aligarh District.