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Synopsis This book was first published in 1992. It is still the only authoritative and comprehensive review of Bangladesh archaeology in the context of the archaeology of the subcontinent. The present print bears an update on the more recent developments in the field. In the context of South Asian archaeology as a whole, the archaeology of Bangladesh is viewed with general indifference. The iconographic, sculptural, architectural, epigraphic and numismatic data from this area have long been drawing the attention of specialist scholars in these fields, but archaeologically the country is known principally for three sites: 1. Mahasthangarh, a major regional administrative center of the Mauryas in the third century BC; (2). Paharpur, a Buddhist monastery which was established by the Pala King Dharmapala towards the end of the eight century AD; and (3). Mainamati, which houses more than fifty Buddhist sites (dated between the seventh and the thirteen centuries AD) in a setting of low hills. Although Bangladesh has long been known to posses rich archaeological sources-especially of the historical periods-there is a dearth of publications analysing their scope and detailed pattern. The present volume, based on the researches of Bangladeshi and other scholars, as well as on the author’s own fieldwork and firsthand study of the material, offers a coherent and connected account of the available archaeological knowledge of Bangladesh. This book contains, among other things, a detailed and original study of the prehistoric and early historic situation in Bangladesh, and points out the wealth and diversity of explored and excavated sites of the later periods. The volume is enriched by a contribution from two Bangladeshi geographers, S. Dara Shamsuddin and M. Shamsul Alam.