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The book in Part I, provides the essential classical and quantum laws on which the correlation between properties and structures of materials is explained currently. It covers the traditional engineering materials, metals and alloys, semiconductors, polymers, dielectrics, amorphous, superconductors and materials for magnetic, nuclear, space and laser applications. The recent discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNT) has led to nanotechnology and exciting applications in biology, medicine, textile, energy, transportation and electronic devices. We have added in this edition as Part II, the physical description of CNT, the method of their production, the classical and quantum aspects of their properties and the way these differ from the three-dimensional materials discussed in Part I. This book is probably the first of its kind that accounts for the difference in properties like electrical and thermal conduction in copper and carbon nanotubes on models that differ due to dimensionality of the material.