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Synopsis The History of Europe is taught in most of the colleges in India as well as in other foreign countries. The book has been written in four parts, viz., Volume I from 1453 to 1648, Volume II 1649 to 1789, Volume III 1789 to 1870 and Volume IV 1871 to 1945. It is designed to meet the requirements of students and of examinees of various competitive examinations. To make it useful to common readers, the book has been written in simple and lucid language describing all round progress in production, trade, science and other spheres of life. With the development of new rational outlook, tremendous development took place in navigation which made Western countries rich and powerful and enabled them to establish their hegemony and empire all over the world. New democratic ideas gave a death blow to monarchy and feudalism. New democratic states with ideal of human rights now exist over major part of the world. Seeds of human progress were laid during this period. Modern period begins from 1453 and European supremacy ended in 1945.