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Synopsis Human beings migrate because they are living beings with experiences and aspirations. There is no dispute regarding the fact that rural-to-urban migration is a component of population change. Its impact is felt in the region where both 'push' and 'pull' factors operate with varying intensity. We can visualise the possibility of positive effects of rural-to-urban migration overtaking negative effects in a specific regional context. Rural unemployment is one of the burning problems that India has been facing. Its severity has increased in the period following the new economic reforms. To think more about it is to think more about Indian rural problems in general and rural-to-urban migration in particular. This interesting study highlights the variations in the extent of rural-to-urban migration at the national, state and district levels. Besides, it discusses at length the extent of rural unemployment in India and changes in it over the years. This study maintains significance by identifying areas for further research as well. It will be useful to students, teachers and researchers in different disciplines like economics, sociology, history, geography and demography.