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Synopsis Different regions of the world are undergoing a demographic transition as apparent in the shift from high to low rates of population growth. In general terms, demographic transition refers to the shift from a regime with frenziedly high mortality and fertility rates to another regime with controlled and low rates of fertility and mortality. Most countries of the world by now have undergone this process of demographic transition. Some studies find that increasing life expectancy in industrial countries will reduce aggregate growth in these regions over time. However, this also should boost growth in developing countries over the next several decades, as the relative size of their working-age population increases. This and other attributes of demographic change are also likely to affect saving, investment, and capital flows, implying changes in global trade balances and asset prices. The importance of concept of demographic transition stems from the great impact that the transformations connected with it have on the organization of the societies and the life of individuals. This book tries to capture the different issues emanated from the changes in global demography. The book is intended for development professionals, policy planners and administrators, applied researchers including demographers and economists, and other social scientists.