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Synopsis Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) on the North Western Border of China is one of the most important regions of China. In terms of area, XUAR is the largest province of China with Uyghur Muslims as the majority. Uyghur Separatists have been demanding an independent state out of China. It is against this backdrop that this book presents a detailed study of ethnic-religious separatism in XUAR. Besides providing a theoretical perspective, the book gives the historical background of Xinjiang problem and delineates its unique strategic position. The book makes a critical analysis of the Chinese Policy towards the minority nationalities of the country in general and Uyghurs in particular. The book examines the Chinese response to separatist-cum-terrorist activities in Xinjiang since 1949 both at the domestic, regional and international level in order to secure her national unity and territorial integrity.