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Synopsis Human development is seen as a process of enlarging people's choices, opportunities and capabilities. The GDP per capita is a one-dimensional average, which fails to capture the cultural, political, social and other choices that people make. The Human Development Reports (HDRs) produced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) since 1990 have been a major force behind the shift, constituting one of the strongest voices advocating attention to the non-income dimensions of human well-being, and raising dissatisfaction with the notion that human well-being is to be advanced primarily through expanding incomes. While the human development approach views investment in education and health as having intrinsic value for human lives, the human resource development approach stresses how education and health enhance productivity, and have important value for promoting economic growth. The papers included in this edited volume are those submitted for the 89 Annual Conference of IEA held at Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana during 27-29 December 2006.