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India is one of the twelve-megadiversity centers of the world with two of the eighteen hotspots worldwide. However, the biowealth is under unprecedented environ-mental threat. Over 4.66% of the country's biodiversity rich areas have been earmarked for extensive in-situ conservation of habitats through protected area network. Serious efforts are also being made to conserve this wealth under ex-situ programmes. For biodiversity conservation our understanding of reproductive biology of flowering plants is of utmost importance. Besides, the role of reproductive biology in biodiversity conservation, the biotechnological advancement in various fields also plays an equally important role. The chapter entitled  "Naming the genera of Angiosperms" by renowned botanist of the Country -Prof. H.Y. Mohan ram is of great significance to taxonomists. Chapters on chromosomes in speciation and implications in plant systematics; chromosome botany in the post genomic era; importance of sacred herbs and their medicinal uses, anatomy of pericarp in Asteraceae, role of reproductive biology in biodiversity conservation; role of reproductive biology in biodiversity conservation; role of floral biology in Orchid industry; reproductive biology of Crataeva religiosa; nectarines in Bignoniaceae; effect of pollen of some weeds on crop production; habitant depletion and conservation strategies of wildlife sanctuary; breaking dormancy in tree seeds; and new reports on green algae from Yamuna river are not only quite interesting but are also of great importance. The chapter on "Transgenic crops in world agriculture" gives a detailed account of all the existing transgenic crops. The chapter entitled "BT cotton: Present status and future prospects" has great relevance to the present scenario in cotton production in India. Use of DNA fingerprinting of some mango cultivars using anchored -ISSR markers; agro-industrial exploitation of petrocrops for biofuel; role of plant genetic resources; introductions and biotechnology in Indian agriculture; some new male gametocides and utilization of male sterility in leguminous crops for hybrid seed production are other important chapters. This book will be highly beneficial to students, teachers and research workers in the field of Plant Biotechnology, Botany and Agricultural Sciences.