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Synopsis Nanomaterials are not simply another step in the miniaturization of materials. Nanomaterials (nanocrystalline materials) are materials possessing grain sizes on the order of billionth of a meter. They manifest extremely fascinating and useful properties, which can be exploited for a variety of structural and non-structural applications. All materials are composed of grains, which in turn comprise many atoms. Making of Nanomaterials often requires very different production approaches. As introduced in the book, there are several processes to create nanomaterials, classified as ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’. Although many nanomaterials are currently at the laboratory stage manufacture, a few of them are being commercialised. The book explores the new direction and quantum shift in manufacturing paradigms, which are set to occur in near future. The development of nanomaterials will push many industries in fast forward mode and a number of them will require to reinvent, their manufacturing process and materials inputs, delivering hitherto unseen and unheard products. Many compounds and element, if brought to nanoscale behave quite differently from what they would have, had they been in their conventional state, and these new properties (both physical and chemical) give rise to whole new field of scientific study. The book Nanomaterials and Nanostructures takes these details into account making the topic a good reading fro the scholars and students of Material Science, nanotechnology and Physical Chemistry.