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Synopsis Ecological research is not only confined to mere qualitative approach but is more confined to quantitative approach. In order to have a comprehensive evaluation of an ecosystem, it becomes essential to monitor both qualitatively and quantitatively spatial and temporal variations in structural and functional attributes of environment which may be categorized as physical, chemical and biological. In spite of the intense efforts undertaken in recent years, our knowledge of the modes of distribution of elements within the biosphere and lithosphere has been still in a comparatively primitive state. While carrying out environmental analysis a scientist must be able to answer various questions. The present book is designed to cover all important issues relating to the subject.