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Synopsis This is a comprehensive study of nearly thirty Kingdoms, de jure loyal to contemporary major powers in Dakshinapatha, but de facto independent for all essential purposes. Andhradesa or Andhra Country was a much larger territory than Andhra Pradesh and had four major divisions – Southern Kalinga, the Coastal Andhra, Telingana and Rayalasima. By the 11th century, the major powers in south India were the Eastern Gangas in Kalinga, the Chalukyas of Vengi in Andhra, the Western Chalukyas in Karnataka, and the Cholas in Tamilnadu. Gradually the Vengi Chalukyas and the Cholas became close allies by a series of matrimonial alliances. As a consequence the first Chalukya-Chola rule continued till mid 13th century and the Kakatiyas, originally in the service of the Chalukyas of Kalyani, set up independence ruling from Warangal. The history of the minor dynasties in this period of half of millennium has several important, interesting and fascinating facets.