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Synopsis Development of human resources is a specialized function and is one of the fundamental operative functions of personnel administration. In the development and growth of human beings lies the nation’s growth and progress. In Ancient Sanskrit literature, the term human resource development is appropriately known by the term man-making. HRD is synonymous with total personality development—physical, mental, spiritual and ethical and aims at life-building, man-making, character-making, assimilation of ideas. In western countries, emphasis is given only on artificial inducements through the doses of incentives while in Ancient Sanskrit Literature emphasis is laid on good qualities among human beings. HRD in ancient literature aims to achieve perfection while in western countries, the emphasis is on making profits. The scope of HRD in Ancient Sanskrit Literature is more broad-based and qualitative in nature as compared to the existing concept of HRD in management literature.