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Synopsis The present study is based on both original and secondary sources. It covers the period from 1905 to 1911. it consists of two parts. Part I discusses all about the partition, its genesis, the rationale behind it, the justification of the partition, the agitation against it, the Boycott, and Swadeshi movements, the attitude of the two major political parties, the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, to the partition, and the reaction of the Indian people and the Press to it. Part II consists of Select documents on the partition. The Bengal partition (1905) gave a new thrust to Indian Nationalism, which developed new characteristics, Swadeshi and Boycott adopted by the Bengalis during the period of the agitation against the partition became a creed with the Indian National Congress and they were used more effectively in tuture conflicts with the government. They formed the basis of Gandhi’s non cooperation, Satyagraha and Khadi movement. In this way, the Bangalis who are truly the pioneers in the field of nationalism and patriotism, were the precursors of Gandhi. The agitation against the partition of Bengal was the first major battle waged by the people of India against the Colonial Government during the present century. Any reading or rereading of this issue will always prove useful.