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Synopsis Archaeology has rapidly developed as a nature field of scientific enquiry into the past, from its obscure beginnings as a purely 'fact-grubbing antiquarian' discipline. Chapter 1 gives an exhaustive introduction. Chapter 2 reviews the latest developments in the field of archaeology with a special reference to the Indian contexts and advocates a strong case in favour of the improvement in data retrieval techniques to form foundations for the empirical testing of the theoretical propositions. Chapter 3 highlights the recent developments in the sphere of methodological advancements. Chapter 4 examines the future prospects of archaeology and briefly enumerates the applicability of scientific advances to improve the conditional knowledge of the past. Chapter 5 draws conclusions as to the present scenario in progress of archaeology and aims to regenerate sensitivity towards the validity of exercises to reconstruct the past. The three appendices exemplify the recent trends.