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Synopsis The emergence of the untouchables on the socio-political scene is one of the most significant event of the twentieth century in India. The present study traces the history of this phenomenon in the form of the Bairwa community as a social and political force from its beginning in the pre-Independent era to present day, in 2001. Focussing on Rajasthan State in particular and Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and National Capital territory of Delhi in general, Prof. Shyam Lal discusses the history of the Bairwa movement from its early days of self reform through social and cultural activities, formation of all India organisation, "Akhil Bharatiya Bairwa Mahasabha", their gains and failures, the guest for the new identity, their interaction both with Indian National Congress and other political parties, caste representation in state assembly, in Parliament and in Ministry, growth of elite and campaign for the constitutional safeguards. This book will be of great interest to sociologists, political scientists and cultural historians. This work also makes a distinct contribution to the literature on the politics of untouchability in India.