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Synopsis Through a meticulous analysis of the positions of matter and self in the philosophies of Samkhya and Locke, this book brings to light some striking similarities of thoughts between these philosophies, which are widely apart from each other in respect of time and territory. It reveals that in both these philosophies, matter and self are not only two independent realities, but also indispensable for all the changes of the material world as well as for the generation of perceptual knowledge. The book focuses on the rationalistic and realistic approaches of the two philosophies. It highlights the scientific trend of both, which, though natural for the seventeenth century philosophy of Locke, is quite astonishing for the archaic period of Samkhya philosophy. The book also deals with the charge of inconsistency which is brought against both these philosophies in so far as the interaction between matter and self is concerned. Having exposed the pace of God in these two philosophies. It demonstrates that matter and self occupy central positions in both. in short, the book has unearthed the unity of human thought, breaking the barriers of time and space.