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Synopsis The Scheduled Tribe Groups who were identified as more backward communities among the tribal population groups have been categorized as ‘Primitive Tribal Groups’ (PTGs) by the Government at the Centre in 1975. So far seventy-five tribal communities have been identified as ‘primitive tribal groups’ in different States of India. These hunting, food-gathering, and some agricultural communities, who have been identified as more backward communities among the tribal population groups need special programmes for their sustainable development. The primitive tribes are awakening and demanding their rights for special reservation quota for them. The thirty articles presented in this volume give an idea about the situation prevailing among the primitive tribes in India. The majority of the primitive tribal population groups in India are in perpetual poverty and stands much below the poverty line, suffering from an alarming malnutrition and high illiteracy. The government must take initiative more seriously, sincerely, and effectively to create sustainable development programmes among them.