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Synopsis Present euphoria for rapid economic development has created enormous pressure on India’s natural resources. Forests are subjected to rapid degradation due to growing demand for forest-based inputs for industrial use. Rivers are becoming dumping grounds for industrial waste, often with toxic materials. Construction of large dams is displacing millions of people from their age-old roots. The development projects are carried out for the prosperity of the poor and the marginalized; but the latter never get benefited by this. Their notion of development is different. They share a unique harmonious relationship with nature. This book deals with the concepts of environment and development and their relationship and the resultant social movements. It investigates as to how the development process affects not only our environment but also the lives of millions of people whose survival is based on environment. In particular, it explores the origin, development, class dimension and other aspects of the Panidari System and its impact on the social situation, and the fight for its eradication. It also traces the origin and issues related to Subern Rekha Andolan. It examines as to how a large dam threatens the lives of poor people and displaces them from their roots. It also explores the alternate theories of development vis-?-vis environmental protection and their relationship with society.