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Synopsis Sustainable agriculture is an operational concept yet to be tested on a wider scale. It is a non-linear, cyclical and dynamic process, and conforms to various macro and micro-ecological concepts. Sustainable agriculture in developing countries is expected to reduce the cost on external inputs, avoid heavy mechanization, release the burdens of over production and cropping intensity in 'agriculturally advanced pockets', raise stability, productivity and personal share of income in agriculturally backward and marginal areas. Sustainable agriculture with low external inputs is too simplistic to be a general prescription for the developing countries of the world. Diversification of agriculture is more justified for the areas of the developing countries of self-sustainable agro ecosystems aiming at creating a form of agriculture that maintains productivity in the long term. Optimizing the u se of locally available natural resources by combining plants, animals, soil, water, climate and people have the greatest possible synergetic effects. It may be done by reducing the use of off-farm, external and non-renewable inputs and relying mainly on resources within the agro-ecosystem by replacing external inputs with nutrient cycling, better conservation and an expanded use of local resources, improving the match between cropping patterns, and the productive potential and environmental constraints of climate and landscape to ensure long-term sustainability. It can be achieved by taking full advantage of local knowledge or wisdom and practices, innovative approaches not yet fully understood by scientists although widely adopted by the farmers. Self-sufficient and sustainable agriculture thus should function and be designed in such a way that they can manage agro-ecosystems, should be productive, should be obtained after conservation of natural resources, should be culturally sensitive and socially acceptable, besides being economically viable. The author, in this book towards sustainable agriculture in the new millennium has analysed the relevance of sustainable agriculture, systems agriculture, concepts and dimensions drawbacks, farming systems approaches, resource mobilization and recycling, traditional knowledge, evergreen revolution, natural resources management in rainfed humid and sub-humid areas, cropping systems, nutrient management, biodiversity for sustainability, IPM, forestry and sustainable development, participatory approach, women in agriculture and rural development, quantification of sustainability, rainfed farming in India, ITK, alternate land use system, information technology, organic farming, biotechnology in agriculture, vocational training, agriculture and horticulture vision 2020, horticulture export scenario, income generation, agriculture in the 21 century, etc. It is an indispensable book for planners, administrators, agriculturists, students and every household in the South East Asian countries and other s to achieve sustainability in agriculture.