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Synopsis Experiments and efforts were made in Europe to improve the race in the beginning of the twentieth century. It was called eugenics and to improve the race it was necessary to understand the variables of the personality of a child. Such efforts have however, not been made in the developing countries like India so far. Most of the work of educational measurement was done in the armed forces. The veterans of war in America, after the world war II was over were trained for working as teachers in the schools of America and Europe. This is how, the concept of measurement came into being. Various theories of personality types were advanced by educationists and the psychologists. It was, however agreed that there were persons who were intelligent, there were people who were emotional , there were people who were social, there were people who were anti-social and a-social. All these traits of personality were identified to measure the personality of a child . This is what is called the measurement side, evaluation is about the progress of the child in various curricular and co-curricular subjects. There is great need to adopt the methods of measurement and evaluation in Indian schools and colleges at present . This encyclopaedia fulfils this long felt need and it is hoped that the researchers, educationists and educational planners and administrators will find this encyclopaedia very useful and handy.