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Biological evolution consists of change in the hereditary characteristics of groups of organisms over the course of generations. From a long-term perspective, evolution is the descent with modification of different lineages from common ancestors. From a short-term perspective, evolution is the ongoing adaptation of organisms to environmental challenges and changes. Thus components: the branching of lineages and changes within lineages. Evolutionary biotechnology provides the key to understanding the principles governing the origin and extinction of species. It provides causal explanations, based on history and on processes of genetic change and adaptation, for the full sweep of biological phenomena, ranging from the molecular to the ecological. Thus, evolutionary biotechnology allows us to determine not only how and why organisms have become the way they are, but also what processes are currently acting to modify or change them. Evolutionary biotechnology can contribute explicitly to enhanced awareness and prediction of mid and long-term consequences of environmental disturbances. This book covers the concepts of Evolutionary Biotechnology in detail and thus acts as the best student guide.