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Synopsis Communalism is one of the most serious problems of the Indian social system and political structure. In the present book the author has tried to analyse the Islamic psychology behind the Communal riots in India. The popular belief that communal riots, communal bitterness and communal rivalry has been introduced by Britain in India while Hindus and Muslims in this country had been living for centuries side by side in perfect peace and amity, is thoroughly untenable and uncorroborated by history. Also the Muslim policy of the Indian National Congress has been defective from the very beginning, because instead of profiting from knowledge and experience, it had sought to go against history simply by ignoring it. Nationalism had different meanings for Hindus and Muslims. Among the varied social groups of mankind, it is difficult to imagine a more striking contrast than that between Hindu and Muslim social organisation. Cultural and religious nationalism could neither be neutralized nor eliminated by the British rule and in due course of time it changed into political nationalism but the Hindu and Muslim nationalism turned into divergent directions, clashing with each other dividing India in 1947.