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Synopsis This book is written with the view to examine and ascertain whether the Vedas really contain any consideration on mathematics in the real sense. The study is purposefully limited to nine Vedic texts which go by the name Samhitas. The present study deals with the arithmatics only. As one goes through the Vedic samhitas and examines and interprets the mathematical data, one cannot but be impressed by the high stage of mathematical development in those ancient times. The books contains following chapters introductory, Scope of the present work, The sequence or the-serial order of the number, Characteristic features of the Vedic number system, The methods of counting, The ordinal numbers, Numbers without Number-words, Number as adjectives, Types of Mathematical Operations, Signs and Sign words for Mathematical operation, Signs and Sign words for Mathematical operations, The concept of sets or groups, Examples of addition, Examples of subtraction, Examples of multiplication, Examples of division, The concept of fractions, Squares, Square-roots, Cubes, Cube roots, Arithmetic and Geometric progression, Zero, The base 10, The concept of position, The journey of Zero, Resume, Appendix-A, Appendix-B, Bibliography and Abbreviations and Subject Index.