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Synopsis Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for the overwhelming majority of the tribal population in India. Agricultural modernization has since long been introduced in the tribal areas of West Bengal, primarily with a view to raise the level of income, standard of living and lifestyle of the tribal people. The present book meant for elucidating the impact as well as adoption of modernization on tribal agriculture. The author has made a critical review of the agricultural moderanization and mechanization and also the tradition of tribal agriculture. The author studied empirically the extent and nature of adoption of modern agricultural technology by the Santals and subsequently its impact on the lifestyle of the people in the locality. The obstacles or social-cultural constraints of the Santals towards the adoption of the modern agricultural technology have also been taken into consideration. Social, cultural and economic problems of the Santals have also been studied in connection with the agricultural modernization. The author estimated the maximum return over variable cost from existing cropping pattern followed by the Santals and suggested some appropriate measures to maximize net return by adopting alternative systems of cropping pattern. A close probe has also been made to evaluate the extent and nature of socio-cultural and socio-economic changes among the Santal cultivators due to agricultural modernization. The book would be of much use to the social scientists, researchers, students, planners and policy makers in the field of rural development.