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Synopsis The most important contribution of the elementary or secondary school teacher in his/her ability to make interpretations, innovations, invent his/her own study units. Meaningful science education for pre-service and in-service teachers is imperative to develop them in this direction. And qualitative rather than quantitative aspect of in-service orientation programmes is crucial. The book emphasizes on new approaches, effective planning, monitoring and evaluation of pre and in-service programmes to reflect upon development of desired competencies in teaching and minimum levels of learning which a pupil must acquire at the elementary level. It focuses on development of exemplar science teaching learning materials: integrated science teaching activities and projects: motivational devices in science teaching and learning; classroom research etc. The book may be useful to all interested in the subject.