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Synopsis The Rigveda is the oldest and most important source of material for Indian, Indo-Aryan and even Indo-European history. It is a text which has been part of a hoary and widespread living tradition thousands of years old. Naturally, a text which has remained alive, as part of a living tradition, for so long cannot and should not be analysed without reference to what that tradition has to say about it. But modern scholars have chosen to interpret the Rigveda in its historical context, solely on the basis of an extraneous linguistic theory, bolstered by stray sentences hunted out of the Rigveda and interpreted out of context, and totally without reference to certain indispensable and unassailable traditional information contained in certain basic texts. This is how the theory of an Aryan invasion of India in the early second millennium BC has been propounded and continues to be propped up, even though it finds no support whatsoever either in archaeology, or in literature, or in the racial-ethnical composition of India.