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Synopsis Philosophy of Science draws upon different traditions in Western philosophy, starting from the ancient Greek. However, there is a conspicuous absence of non-Western philosophical traditions, including the Indian, in philosophy of science. This book argues that Indian rational traditions such as Indian logic, drawn from both Buddhist and Nyaya philosophies, are not only relevant for philosophy of science but are also intrinsically concerned with scientific methodology. It also suggests that the Indian-logical traditions can be understood as requiring that logic itself be scientific. This book introduces the reader to important themes in Indian logic, epistemology and philosophy of language as well as philosophy of science. Relationships between these various traditions are also explored thereby suggesting how Indian philosophy can engage with contemporary philosophy of science. This introductory book will be valuable for students, professional philosophers as well as those interested in Indian philosophy and its significance to contemporary thought.