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Synopsis The history of the Euthydemids, the fifth of the Hellenistic dynasties, and of the far Eastern division of Alexander’s Empire which they ruled, has hitherto been written only by Indian historians as a part of the history of Iran and of Northern India. But it is really a part of the history of Hellenism, and any study of the Hellenistic states with the Farther East omitted is a mutilated history; for the Euthydemids, both in the extent of their rule and in what they tried to do, were vastly more important than the Attalids, who merely from having been the prot?g?s successively of Egypt and of Rome, have received more attention. The present book is the story, seen from the Greek point of view, of Greek rule in Eastern Iran and Northern India; it recovers what can be recovered of the history of a lost dynasty and of a remarkable political experiment. In this second edition the author has added a body of notes and Addenda, some of which are revisions of the text, in order to indicate the advance of knowledge since 1938.