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In the ancient period of India, the backward castes had been denied all kinds of social and economics endowments. Hence, they had been lagging behind in the process of development. At the first time the suffering of these people agonized by the great soul of Lord Gautam Buddha. He introduced the consepts of 'equality' to the society. This was the first opportunity imparted to these people to prosper and live in dignity. His 'sainted' path was later adopted by the world saints like Kabir, Eknath, Tukaram and so on. Article 338 provides for a National Commission for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes with duties to investigate and monitor all matters relating to safeguarda provided for them, to inquire into specific complaints and to participate and advise on the planning process of their socio-economic development etc. It is observed that the Government programmes - especially those pertaining to SC and ST welfare are never taken seriouslt, and there are on effective monitoring system to pinpoint the failures of the failures of the plan objectives. There are diversion of resources and lack of utility of the schemes. Therefore, the condition of these communities is still remained very miserable. Therefore, remedial measures and effective courses corrections should have to be implemented. This book comprehensively analyzes the impact of various development schemes and plans on the scheduled castes in the India. This book will certainly prove of immense values to all those interested in Development of SCs and STs, especially the planners and policy makers in evolving an appropriate viable strategy for development in the coming years.